Category: Animal physiology

RABBIT FARMING (new)

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The history of rabbit farming is long and varied. Rabbits were first domesticated in Spain by the Romans around 200 BC. They were kept for their meat and fur, and the practice spread throughout Europe. In the Middle Ages, rabbits were also kept by monks for food, and they were often used as a source of meat during Lent. In the 19th century, rabbit farming became more widespread as a commercial enterprise. This was due in part to the development of new breeds of rabbits that were better suited for…

Freemartinism (new)

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Freemartinism This is one of the most common reproductive abnormalities, mainly congenital, affecting female cattle. It occurs when both male and female conceptus are present in the same uterus. In cattle there is a tendency for the placenta of twin fetuses to merge, thereby causing the circulatory system of the twins to become interconnected. This often affects the development of the female sex organs of the female twin probably due to the androgens of the male blood circulation.  Freemartinism is the most commonly recognized noninflammatory condition resulting in infertility involving the tubular reproductive…

Endometritis in Dairy Cows Causes,Clinical Signs and Management (new)

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Endometritis This is the inflammation of the endometrium (internal lining and mucus membrane of the uterus). It occurs as a result of an infection by microorganisms. Infection normally occurs during mating or around labour and delivery by such organisms as Campylobacter fetus (See Brucellosis) or Trichomonas fetus (See Leptospirosis) and other opportunistic bacteria like the Corynobacterium pyogenes, E. coli and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Endometritis often occurs following difficult or abnormal labour or delivery and/or retained placenta.  Endometritis is a localized inflammation of uterine wall and usually a cause for bovine infertility.The causal organisms usually reach the uterus at coitus, insemination, parturition…

Anoestrus (new) I Mshindo Media

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Causes of infertility Causes of infertility can be very many. Below some of the more common ones: Anoestrus Anoestrus is a condition where some cows do not show heat signs for a long time after calving. In this case, no ovulation takes place. The condition can be caused by an infection or inflammation of the uterus and underfeeding of the cow, especially with minerals.  Anoestrus. Cows in anoestrus show no heat activity, because the process of follicle development does not lead to ovulation. Anoestrus is normal in the post-partum cow, but most dairy…

Birth and Reproduction complications (new) I Mshindo Media

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Introduction There are various diseases and abnormalities that affect the reproductive system of domestic animals. These diseases commonly result in early embryonic deaths, abortions, mummification and infertility.  Following the infectious disease, animals may end up with other related conditions such as Endrometitis and Pyometra. All these result in lost income to the farmer as the animals may be unable to give birth again. Brucellosis and Q-fever are also highly contagious, and may transfer to people causing agonizing pain and sickness and very expensive medication, so paying close attention to the reproductive health of your animals is…

Pets: Cats | Definition, Types, History, & Facts

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Biology and Behaviour The cat, commonly referred to as the domestic cat or house cat, is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae. Biological classification of domestic cat Term for young: kitten  Lifespan: 12 – 18 years (Domesticated) Scientific name: Felis catus Daily sleep: 12 – 16 hours Gestation period: 65 days Collective noun: clowder, cluster, clutter, glaring, Cats may resemble one another but every cat has its very own character and behavior. This pronounced individuality is probably their most important characteristic – one that makes cats so popular among human beings. Nevertheless, given their origin and biology,…

Rabbits:Breeds,Management&Disease Control

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Introduction Did you know that rabbits, with their big eyes positioned at the sides of their heads, are equipped with excellent senses, particularly in hearing and smelling? It’s no wonder they have evolved to be highly alert creatures, whether they’re awake or sleeping. In the wild, they must remain vigilant against a multitude of predators eager for rabbit meat. Interestingly, rabbits possess a unique visual field that allows them to see 360 degrees around them and even in the air. However, their eyesight isn’t as effective in bright sunlight, which…

Poultry Meaning, Management, Breeding & Disease Control

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Introduction Poultry , (Gallus gallus domesticus), any of more than 60 breeds of medium-sized poultry that are primarily descended from the wild red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus, family Phasianidae, order Galliformes) of India. As are domesticated avian species that can be raised for eggs, meat and/or feathers. The term “poultry” covers a wide range of birds, from indigenous and commercial breeds of chickens to Muscovy ducks, mallard ducks, turkeys, guinea fowl, geese, quail, pigeons, ostriches and pheasants. The term poultry refers to domesticated birds kept for meat, eggs and feather production. Domestication of poultry is thought to have started in…

Cattle : Definition, Meaning, Description &Breeding

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Introduction  Cattle defined as domesticated quadrupeds held as property or raised for use specifically : bovine animals on a farm or ranch Cattle are raised to produce beef, veal, and dairy products Cattle (Bos indicus and B. taurus) are the most common and widespread species of large ruminant livestock and are raised primarily to produce milk, meat and hides and to provide draft power. A breed is a race or variety related by descent and similarity in certain distinguishable characteristics. More than 250 breeds of cattle are recognized throughout the World.  In Africa there are…

Toggenburg – The best type of dairy Goat

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This is a type of dairy goat that originates from Switzerland in the Obertoggenburg area, this is the seed of the oldest dairy goat of all. PRODUCTION These goats are able to produce an average of two liters of milk per day or more, they do not produce as much milk as Saanen, but their milk has a fat content between 3% – 4% NATURE These goats have an average build but are bigger than local goats, 55 kg for females and 75 kg for males, they are brown (brown)…